The ideological and political course is a key course to implement the fundamental task of cultivating morality and talents, and cultivating students' core academic literacy has become a key educational goal of various schools. As a guide for cultivating students' ideological qualities, high school political teachers should timely improve their classroom teaching mode and fully reflect the value of the core literacy of high school political subjects. The article discusses the importance of cultivating students' core literacy in high school political science. Based on the analysis of the current situation of high school political science teaching, it explores the fundamental strategy of how to cultivate students' core literacy in high school political science teaching, in order to improve students ' core literacy and adapt to the needs of future social development.